While the occasional scratch, chew, or rub is normal for cats and dogs, they are susceptible to a range of skin issues that can cause ongoing discomfort. Pet owners must understand common skin problems to provide optimal care and ensure their furry friend’s well-being. To help you identify skin conditions in your pet, our Animal Clinic of Council Bluffs team highlights some of the most prevalent pet skin issues, their causes, signs, and treatment options.

1: Flea allergy dermatitis

Fleas are tiny parasites that can wreak havoc on your pet’s skin. Flea infestations often lead to a condition known as flea allergy dermatitis (FAD), characterized by intense itching, skin inflammation, and hallmark hair loss along the tail and hind end. Pets may excessively scratch or bite affected areas, leading to secondary bacterial and tapeworm infections. Flea control is paramount in preventing and managing this common issue. 

2: Allergic dermatitis

Pets can suffer from allergic reactions to various allergens, including pollen, dust mites, mold, fabrics, chemicals, medications, and foods. Allergic dermatitis, which includes atopic dermatitis, manifests as itching, skin inflammation and infection, and sometimes ear infections. Identifying and eliminating the allergen is key to managing allergic dermatitis. 

3: Hot spots

Hot spots, also known as acute moist dermatitis, are painful, inflamed skin areas that develop rapidly because of self-trauma, moisture, or bacterial infection. They are often a response to an underlying skin irritation, such as flea bites, allergies, or grooming issues. Treatment involves clipping and cleaning the affected area, topical medications to reduce inflammation and control infection, and addressing the underlying cause.

4: Skin and ear infections

Bacterial and yeast infections can affect pets’ skin and ears, leading to itching, inflammation, sores, and scabs. Infected ears can develop a foul odor and your pet may shake their head excessively. These infections may be a standalone problem or secondary to other skin issues. Pets with floppy ears, who swim frequently, or who have allergies are more prone to ear infections because of the increased moisture, a damaged skin barrier, and limited airflow in the ear canal. Cytology or fungal cultures are typically required to identify the causative organism and to treat appropriately.

5: Seborrhea

Seborrhea is a common skin condition characterized by abnormal production of sebum (i.e., skin oil), leading to flaky, greasy skin, and a foul odor. This can be a primary inherited trait or secondary to underlying factors, such as allergies, hormonal imbalances, or parasites. Seborrhea management may involve regular bathing with medicated shampoos, dietary modifications, and addressing any underlying health issues.

6: Anal gland problems

Anal gland issues are prevalent in dogs, although they can also affect cats. These glands, located near the anus, produce a smelly secretion that is normally expelled during defecation. However, if the glands become impacted or infected, pets may be uncomfortable and may scoot on the ground or lick or bite at the area in an attempt to alleviate the pressure. Treatment involves expressing the anal glands manually and addressing any underlying issues contributing to gland problems, such as obesity, allergies, or gastrointestinal disorders.

7: Mange

Mange is a skin condition caused by mites that burrow into the skin and cause intense itching, hair loss, and skin lesions. Mange types include sarcoptic mange, which is highly contagious, and demodectic mange, which typically affects pets with weakened immune systems. Diagnosis involves skin scrapings and microscopic examination. Treatment depends on the mange type and may include topical or oral medications to kill the mites, along with supportive care to soothe the skin and prevent secondary infections.

8: Skin tumors

Skin tumors are relatively common in older pets, and certain breeds are more predisposed than others. These tumors can be benign (i.e., non-cancerous) or malignant (i.e., cancerous), and may appear as lumps, bumps, or growths on the skin. While some tumors are harmless, others may require surgical removal or other treatments. If you notice any new or changing skin growths, they should be evaluated by your Animal Clinic of Council Bluffs veterinarian to determine an appropriate course of action.

Skin issues can significantly impact your four-legged friend’s health and quality of life. By recognizing common skin problem signs and seeking prompt veterinary care, you can help alleviate your pet’s discomfort and prevent complications. If your pet’s skin or coat changes, or you see them scratching, licking, and chewing obsessively, schedule an appointment with our Animal Clinic of Council Bluffs team.